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Latest Wikidata 3rd march Latest Wikidata 9th march It also contains a reference to the RDF namespace:. RDF defines only the framework. The elements, artist, country, company, price, and year, must be defined by someone else company, organization, person, etc. In the example above, the property artist does not have a value, but a reference to a resource containing information about the artist. In the examples above we have talked about "list of values" when describing the container elements.
In RDF these "list of values" are called members. As seen in the previous chapter, a container says that the containing resources are members - it does not say that other members are not allowed.
Zero or more named graphs: Each named graph is a pair consisting of a resource IRI or a blank node , which is the the graph name, and an RDF graph.
So the example we have been looking at so far was technically an RDF dataset with just a default graph and no named graphs. If we decide to separate the artists, albums, and songs into separate named graphs, then we can group the triples under a GRAPH block in the serialization 3.
The next example shows this along with some metadata attached to the graph names in the default graph triples outside the GRAPH blocks are in the default graph :. Note that it is the triples that are separated into named graphs, not the nodes, and different named graphs can share some common nodes, e.
So it is possible to traverse the edges starting from one named graph and continue into another named graph via these shared nodes. It is through this sharing of nodes across named graphs that the collection of named graphs conceptually constitute a larger unified graph. Each graph in a dataset is still a set of triples which means there can be no duplication of triples within a graph.
However, there is no similar requirement across multiple graphs, so the same triple may appear in multiple graphs and each occurrence is considered a distinct triple. Another way to think of named graphs is as a set of quads where the fourth component added to the triple is the name of the graph, which is possibly empty for the default graph. Stardog supports a schema-flexible data model. This means in an RDF graph you can go from having an implicit schema which is what we have been doing in our examples so far to an explicit schema about how the nodes can be connected to each other, datatypes, valid labels or identifiers, and so on.
Every point along the spectrum from implicit to explicit schema is permissible. Some part of an application can be explicit and rigid while other parts may be implicit and flexible. RDF itself does not actually provide any schema-related vocabulary. For example, the schema information for an RDF graph is represented as part of the graph. Named graphs may be used to separate the schema triples into a dedicated graph but this is not required.
Classes represent categories of nodes with similar characteristics. Nodes that belong to this category are linked to the class using the rdf:type short hand: a property.
Classes themselves are identified by the meta-class rdfs:Class. Since classes are declared in the same way as data, syntactically, schemas are part of the graph data and can be queried with all the same tools and mechanisms. Classes can be organized in a hierarchy by relating them to each other via rdfs:subClassOf. For example, it is reasonable to define a generic superclass Artist for the more specific Band and SoloArtist classes we have used so far:.
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